Análisis técnico y económico para creación de una empresa dedicada a las soluciones de energías renovables en el departamento de La Guajira

Abstract

This undergraduate thesis presents the formulation and financial evaluation of a business plan aimed at establishing an engineering firm specialized in the design, procurement, installation, and maintenance of solar photovoltaic systems in La Guajira, Colombia. The project addresses the region's exceptional solar irradiance alongside the persistent energy deficit in its Non-Interconnected Zones (ZNI) and remote communities. The operational framework strictly complies with national electrical regulations (RETIE and NTC 2050), integrates social responsibility through community consultation and the recruitment of local Wayúu labor, and ensures environmental sustainability by replacing diesel generators and establishing an end-of-life WEEE waste management strategy. From a financial perspective, the venture requires an initial investment of COP $105,900,000 (funded by 40% equity and 60% bank debt). Over a 5-year projection horizon, the evaluation demonstrates strong economic viability, yielding a Net Present Value (NPV) of COP $388,420,150, an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 52.4% E.A. (against a 12.0% discount rate), and a payback period of 2.3 years. The operational break-even point is established at 16 projects per year, confirming the model's structural resilience and commercial feasibility in the Caribbean region.