Desarrollo de una guía metodológica para el diseño de sistemas solares fotovoltaicos de autogeneradores a pequeña escala en Colombia

Abstract

This thesis aims to develop a methodological guide for the design of small-scale photovoltaic solar systems (AGPE) in Colombia, based on the growing importance of renewable energies within the national energy transition and the need for clear methodologies adapted to Colombian regulations that can support engineers, technicians, and other professionals involved in the development of solar energy projects. The proposed methodological guide incorporates technical criteria and best design practices, considering regulations such as RETIE, NTC 2050, Law 1715 of 2014, and CREG Resolution 174 of 2021. Its development integrated the use of PVSOL software as a simulation and analysis tool, addressing two case studies: one for an off-grid (autonomous) system and another for an on-grid (grid-connected) system. From these cases, a step-by-step general procedure was structured, covering the evaluation of solar radiation in the sites of interest, the selection of appropriate photovoltaic technologies, the optimal sizing of system components, grid integration, and the calculation of storage capacity, ensuring compliance with efficiency, reliability, and regulatory criteria. The methodology was validated through the design of a hybrid photovoltaic solar system, applying the proposed guide in PVSOL to assess its energy performance, optimize resources, and verify its technical feasibility. The results confirmed that the guide is applicable to the Colombian context and facilitates the adoption of solar systems by small-scale self-generators, contributing to cost reduction and the efficient use of available solar radiation. As a complement, a clear and well-structured video tutorial was developed to explain the use of the methodology and the simulation tool, intended as an educational resource for training processes, thus constituting an integral tool to promote the development of sustainable solar projects and strengthen the energy transition toward clean, reliable, and locally adapted energy sources..