Evaluación de la transformación ambiental de los humedales adyacentes a la segunda pista del Aeropuerto Internacional El Dorado de la ciudad de Bogotá (Costado Sur - Occidental) durante el periodo 2009 a 2023 y posibles estrategias para su gestión sostenible

Abstract

District Wetland Reserves (DWR) are ecosystems of great ecological importance and play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, regulation of the hydrological cycle, provision of ecosystem services, among others; according to the international RAMSAR treaty (2016). Thus, in terms of sustainable development and care for the environment, rapid urban growth poses multiple challenges for cities around the world, as the population increases and demands for housing and services intensify, the need arises to find a balance between urban development and the conservation of valuable local ecosystems (United Nations, 2018) In Colombia, according to (Acosta, 2013) urban renewal has been adapted as a response to the absence of useful land in the main cities, as a densification mechanism, to avoid expansion in areas that affect the daily lives of people contrary to its objective of contributing to a better quality of life; An example of this is the Bogotá River diversion project presented in 1996 for the construction of the second runway of the El Dorado international airport and the pre-delimitation of the partial plan “El Escritorio 2” in the town of Fontibón; therefore, some urban projects and infrastructures have become key designs for urban development that seek to improve the quality of life of residents; however, the implementation of these has also generated over time that important natural resources such as wetland reserves face different significant risks regarding their preservation. Thus, environmental transformations significantly impact both ecosystems and the quality of life of communities, which is evident in the close relationship between the environment, the territory and local development. These spaces not only perform crucial ecological functions, such as regulating the water cycle and providing habitats for biodiversity, but are also fundamental for the economic and social development of the town. The interaction between the environment and the territory defines the use and management of wetlands, influencing urban planning, economic activities and social cohesion. Therefore, local development must be oriented towards a sustainable perspective, integrating the conservation of natural resources and promoting the participation of communities in their management. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to evaluate the transformation of wetlands recognized or not by an environmental authority adjacent to the second runway of the El Dorado International Airport in the town of Fontibón, during the study period from 2009 to 2023, where it seeks to recognize the different factors that have caused the transformation of wetlands over time and in turn identify the possible negative environmental impacts that anthropic activities have generated directly or indirectly to these ecosystems. To achieve this, a bibliographic review was carried out, including documentary sources, government reports, technical studies, maps and plans through multitemporal analysis using satellite images and aerospace images to observe the changes caused during the study period. Likewise, the analysis of the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (FM-P-E-I-R) model was implemented to identify the actions that promoted these transformations on the wetland ecosystem and their possible impacts. Finally, through the analysis of the methodologies implemented in this research, recommendations, proposals and/or strategies were generated that could apply a sustainable approach to development in the town of Fontibón in harmony with the environment.