Diseño de un sistema de control para la reutilización de aguas superficiales y subterráneas en terrenos agrícolas mediante tecnologías IOT.

Abstract

The efficient and sustainable use of water resources currently represents a critical challenge in rural and agricultural areas, especially in those that rely on both surface and groundwater sources. Poor management of these resources not only leads to excessive or insufficient water usage but can also result in severe issues such as the overexploitation of aquifers and the depletion of surface water bodies. Furthermore, excessive water accumulation in agricultural lands—whether due to rainfall or uncontrolled irrigation—can cause soil erosion and the loss of essential nutrients, ultimately affecting both agricultural zones and rural residential areas over the long term. Traditional irrigation techniques lack automated systems and effective control mechanisms, leading to significant water waste, particularly in regions where water availability is limited or seasonal. Existing solutions do not adequately incorporate the necessary technologies to remotely monitor and manage irrigation systems, resulting in soil saturation and increased erosion risks, which in turn displace key nutrients essential for soil health and proper crop development. This project aims to design and develop an automated irrigation control system for agricultural fields using IoT technologies to optimize the use of surface and groundwater resources. The system is designed to efficiently monitor and manage both the collection and utilization of these water resources. Surface water will be collected through drainage and harvesting systems such as French drains, capturing both rainwater and groundwater. The integration of the IoT system will enable the remote activation and deactivation of the motor pump for the irrigation system, as well as the control of tank filling, providing a sustainable solution for agriculture. This will improve water use efficiency and contribute to environmental preservation.