Prácticas de aula y transmisión de obstáculos epistemológicos, psicológicos, didácticos y profesionales : estudio de caso de una práctica docente de ciencias naturales

Abstract

The objective of this research is to determine the classroom practices that the natural science teacher carries out and that can generate the transmission of Epistemological, Psychological, Didactic and Professional obstacles; to do this, from a paradigmatic approach of an interpretive nature and with the case study methodology, four instruments were implemented (Semi-structured Interview, MDP-2 Survey, Class Observation and Transcription Matrix, Curricular Mesh Review Matrix) that allowed the identification and categorization of the obstacles and the determination of the classroom practices associated with their transmission, of a primary natural sciences teacher from a school in the city of Bogotá in virtual mode, attending to the emergency caused by the COVID-19. The organization and treatment of the information was carried out using the Atlas ti® program from the established categories and the emerging ones that are based on the General Inventory of Obstacles 2012 instrument. Among the results, the identification and categorization of 33 obstacles out of the 75 described in the General Inventory of Obstacles that reveal characteristics of the professional knowledge of the case study teacher; In the same way, when recognizing the obstacles present in the six classes observed and transcribed, they were linked to the classroom practices that the teacher developed during the class and that can generate the transmission of obstacles, these practices being emerging categories (Objective of the class, Feedback from homework, Explanation, Solving questions, Class activities). The scope of this research seeks to recognize the obstacles and their didactic approach in the professional practice of teachers, which should be a line of science didactics work that continues to be strengthened, since it is important to continue deepening efforts in this field to not only remain in the identification and categorization but to seek the fissuring and overcoming of the obstacles avoiding their transmission.