Estimación de áreas afectadas por incendios en la Reserva Forestal Protectora Bosque Oriental De Bogotá. Usando imágenes satelitales Sentinel- 2, basado en objetos geográficos (GEOBIA).

Abstract

Fire plays an essential role in the dynamics of ecosystems, as a controlling factor in the selection and adaptation of species. In Colombia, 95% of fires are causedby anthropogenic factors, as a consequence of controlled burns for agricultural or tourism activities. The Cerros Orientales de Bogotá Forest Reserve, located in the department of Cundinamarca, with an area of 13,142.11 hectares, is affected by the colonization of invasive species, the most prominent of which is the thorny broom Ulex europaeus, a woody, thorny, perennial and pyrogenic shrub of European origin. This species increases the risk of forest fires due to the accumulation of standing necro-mass (highly flammable) and its flattened architecture, which facilitates the conduction of warm wind currents in its interior. For this reason, a very precise monitoring of spatial information is required to provide data on the accuracy and speed of land cover changes in these affected areas. The present research, is based on the calculation of the areas affected by the forest fires occurred on December 30, 2018, in the forest reserve, through an object-oriented approach, a methodology that allows the analysis of satellite images beyond the pixel paradigm, evaluating and validating the information obtained through the processing of Sentinel 2 satellite images, with the calculation of spectral indices and a supervised classification.