Generación de zonas homogéneas geoeconómicas del sector oriental del Municipio de Fusagasugá utilizando el proceso analitico jerarquico - AHP

Abstract

This study is part of a set of academic projects for the development of homogeneous physical and geoeconomic zones as a degree requirement to obtain the title of Specialist in Appraisal with emphasis on Rural Real Estate from the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, the study area was distributed in two working groups; due to the territorial extension and property density of the municipality of Fusagasugá, which is why this document collects only the eastern sector, with the following villages: San Rafael, Los Robles, La Aguadita, Bermejal, Tierra Negra, Piamonte, El Jordán, Resguardo, La Palma, Pekín, Los Sauces, Bethel, Mosqueral, Sardinas, Mesitas, Bochica, Guavio, Batán, Santa Lucia and El Carmen. Due to the COVID-19 sanitary emergency, in the academic and appraisal field it became evident the need to integrate new methods of data processing and analysis to define the economic appraisal of real estate from little information collected in the field, in order to dynamize the decision making process in the case of not being able to make on-site visits. The Analytical Hierarchical Processing (AHP) emerges as a support alternative to understand the market behavior, since the consultations with experts identify characterizations and significant variations to determine the relationship of the land value with the geographical and economic environment, becoming a possible alternative of effective solution. This degree project was developed based on the IGAC methodology for "Elaboration of the study of physical and geoeconomic homogeneous zones and determination of the unit value by type of construction M51400-01 17V.1" and is complemented with a multi-criteria methodology applied to the valuation of real estate for the assignment of weights and weighting of explanatory variables according to their importance, which allow estimating and generating the geoeconomic homogeneous zones. From the process of combining physical variables on the territory or crossing layers of spatial information, from official secondary sources, application of geographic information systems and spatial analysis, to delimit coded polygons with the characterization of these variables. After the conformation of these surfaces, the variables of direct incidence on the value of the land are defined, which are the basis for the conformation of comparative matrices filled out by a group of experts. This information is processed in statistical terms to assign the AHP factors, which affect the economic valuation analysis processes. The results obtained during the AHP are related to a market study, through the search for real estate sales offers and specific appraisals on the study area with their respective location on the ground. In conclusion, by means of the homogenized geoeconomic zones that were previously delimited, the market study and the correlation of data obtained during the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), it is possible to define a general function that shows the value of the land on any point of the studied area.