Evaluación de amenaza por encharcamientos en la localidad de Bosa, sector El Recreo, Bogotá

Abstract

This study evaluates the flooding threat in the El Recreo sector of the Bosa district in Bogotá. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative data. It analyzes the existing stormwater drainage system, characterizes the study area, and performs hydraulic modeling of the network. Data were collected from official entities such as IDEAM, EAAB, IDIGER, and the Bogotá Fire Department. Geographic information was processed using QGIS, defining three independent drainage systems. Drainage catchment areas, flow rates, runoff coefficients, rainfall intensities, and hyetographs were calculated for each system using IDF equations certified by EAAB. Hydraulic modeling was performed using EPA SWMM with return periods of 3, 5, 10, and 25 years. This modeling evaluates hydraulic profiles, flow rates during simulated two-hour storms, velocities, and overflow volumes at each manhole. Critical wells were also identified where overloading and overflows occur during intense storms, affecting mobility and nearby homes. The results showed that, based on the threat level and reliability of the systems according to the accumulated water depth, the area is vulnerable to intense rainfall due to functional failures of the stormwater drainage system, rapid urban growth, and a high degree of soil impermeability. Recommendations are proposed focusing on preventive maintenance, expansion of hydraulic capacity, community risk management, and the adoption of sustainable urban drainage solutions.