La Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) en Colombia: su adopción, criterios para la estructuración de su procedimiento administrativo y su aplicación a los planes de ordenamiento territorial
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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El propósito de esta investigación fue discutir algunos modelos formales del procedimiento político-administrativo para la Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE) en Colombia ⎯la cual se aplica a nivel de políticas, planes y programas (PPP). A partir de los principios teóricos de la evaluación ambiental y de la experiencia en el país con la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental - EIA(complementada con la corta historia de la aplicación de la EAE), se derivaron criterios para estructurar los pasos del procedimiento administrativo de este instrumento. Así mismo, se consideraron dos modelos para elprocedimiento de la EAE a saber: uno similar al de la EIA clásica que se basa en el orden de la sucesión de pasos del procedimiento de la EIA aplicada en Colombia (para el caso de la EAE implica, en principio, poseer un borrador del diseño de las PPP para hacer la evaluación ambiental y, según los resultados, proponer las medidas y recomendaciones ambientales necesarias para modificarlas), y otro basado en la integración de la EAE acompañando desde su inicio el proceso de planificación de las PPP e introduciéndoles en este proceso de su diseño simultáneamente las modificaciones pertinentes desde la perspectiva ambiental. En el campo del ordenamiento territorial en Colombia,según el procedimiento existente y los determinantes para la planificación y concertación de los Planes de Ordenamiento Territorial (POT) del nivel local, el modelo más adecuado a aplicar es el segundo referido, es decir, el de la EAE integrada, en el cual se da la articulación simultánea entre las fases de la EAE con las etapas de planificación (diseño) del proyecto del POT.
The purpose of this research was to propose formal models of political administrative procedure for thestrategic environmental assessment (SEA) in Colombia, which applies at the level of policies, plans and programs (PPP). From the debate on the theoretical principles of the environmental assessment and from the Colombian experience with the Environmental Impact Assessment -EIA (complemented with the short history of the SEA), it is possible to obtain from there criteria to sructurise the different steps of the administrative arrangement and process of the SEA. From these principles it is possible to derivate various models for the SEA, considering basically two of them: One that is similar to the classical EIA, that presumes to follow in a similar fashion the order of succession of steps of the procedure of the EIA as applied in Colombia (that implies at least having a draft of the design of the PPP, in order to make it go through the environmental assessment and from its results obtain the measures and recommendations that are to be considered) and, another one based on the integration of the SEA accompanied by the planning and design process of the PPP and simultaneously introducing in them the pertinent changes from the environmental perspective.In the particular field of spatial planning in Colombia and according to existing procedure or arrangement and its determinant key points for the planning and formal agreement of the Territorial Organisation Plans the most adequate model to be applied would be the second referenced one, in other words, the integrated SEA, in which there is the simultaneous articulation among the phases of the SEA with the steps of the planning (design) of the Territorial Organisation Plan.
The purpose of this research was to propose formal models of political administrative procedure for thestrategic environmental assessment (SEA) in Colombia, which applies at the level of policies, plans and programs (PPP). From the debate on the theoretical principles of the environmental assessment and from the Colombian experience with the Environmental Impact Assessment -EIA (complemented with the short history of the SEA), it is possible to obtain from there criteria to sructurise the different steps of the administrative arrangement and process of the SEA. From these principles it is possible to derivate various models for the SEA, considering basically two of them: One that is similar to the classical EIA, that presumes to follow in a similar fashion the order of succession of steps of the procedure of the EIA as applied in Colombia (that implies at least having a draft of the design of the PPP, in order to make it go through the environmental assessment and from its results obtain the measures and recommendations that are to be considered) and, another one based on the integration of the SEA accompanied by the planning and design process of the PPP and simultaneously introducing in them the pertinent changes from the environmental perspective.In the particular field of spatial planning in Colombia and according to existing procedure or arrangement and its determinant key points for the planning and formal agreement of the Territorial Organisation Plans the most adequate model to be applied would be the second referenced one, in other words, the integrated SEA, in which there is the simultaneous articulation among the phases of the SEA with the steps of the planning (design) of the Territorial Organisation Plan.
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Strategic Environmental Assessment, Environmental Impact Assessment, public policies, policies, plans, programms, Environmental Administrative Procedures, spatial planning, Evaluación Ambiental Estratégica (EAE), Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), políticas públicas, planes y programas, Procedimiento Político-Administrativo (PPA), ordenamiento territorial