Análisis de la adopción tecnológica en retrofit de CNC: Una revisión documental desde la ingeniería de producción

Abstract

This monograph examines the adoption of technology in CNC machine retrofit processes, based on a literature review of publications from 2015 to 2025 focused on the machining of metal parts. The study arose from an interest in understanding how the modernization of existing equipment was documented in contexts where the complete replacement of machinery is not always feasible, and where retrofitting was presented as an alternative for incorporating new capabilities in control, monitoring, connectivity, and integration. Based on this objective, a qualitative documentary study was conducted with an exploratory, descriptive, and non-causal correlational scope, organized into three phases: the delimitation of the documentary corpus, the identification of recurring technologies and frequent combinations, and the compilation of evidence of reverse engineering and technology transfer associated with the implementation of the retrofit. The analysis revealed that the modernization of CNC machines is described in recent literature as a process that involves updating the system’s functionality, integrating digital capabilities, and adopting external technological solutions. In this regard, the study offers a structured interpretation of CNC retrofitting as a form of technological transition, in which the adaptation of legacy systems and the incorporation of new technical capabilities are integrated into contemporary manufacturing.