Aplicación del método de capitalización de renta para la valoración de predios rurales: análisis comparativo interregional aplicado a cultivos agrícolas en Arauca y Arauquita

Abstract

Valuing rural agricultural properties presents a challenge due to the diversity of production systems, income variability, and the influence of risk on the economic behavior of the land. In this context, the income capitalization method offers an alternative for estimating the market value of land based on its capacity to generate sustainable income, establishing a direct link between agricultural productivity and the land's economic value. This research analyzes this approach by studying properties located within the area of influence of the Caño Limón oil field, where various agricultural and livestock activities with differing profitability levels coexist. By comparing income, production costs, net returns, and capitalization rates associated with crops such as cacao, plantain, rice, and pasture, the study demonstrates that profitability differences significantly influence land valuation, even when physical and environmental conditions are similar. Furthermore, comparing these findings with productivity indicators from established agricultural regions allows for an assessment of the technical consistency of the rates used and their alignment with risk levels and economic stability. Consequently, the study shows that the income capitalization method provides an objective tool for reflecting the land's productive potential and establishing differentiated valuations that correspond to its actual income-generating capacity