Análisis de la estructura institucional y operativa del sistema de transporte aéreo colombiano

Abstract

The transportation sector in Colombia is structured around four main modes: rail, maritime, air, and road, each with its own characteristics and areas of influence. Rail transport is primarily geared towards freight movement, with strategic corridors such as the one connecting La Dorada, Chiriguaná, and Santa Marta for coal exports, the Pacific Railway between Buenaventura and Yumbo, and the corridor between Bogotá, Belencito, and Paz del Río. Road transport is the most widespread mode in the country, covering all inhabited and productive regions, with essential corridors such as the Pan-American Highway, which crosses the southwest and connects to the center of the country, and the Llanos Highway, fundamental for the movement of cargo and passengers between Bogotá and the Orinoquía region. Maritime and river transport relies on key ports on the Caribbean coast such as Cartagena, Barranquilla, and Ciénaga, which handle most of the country's international trade, while on the Pacific coast, the port of Buenaventura is indispensable for foreign trade. Finally, in regions such as the Amazon and the Orinoco, river transport is often the only available access route, with the Magdalena River being a vital artery for the local movement of passengers and cargo