Estudio preliminar para implementación de un sistema fotovoltaico para el alumbrado comunal de un conjunto residencial VIS

Abstract

This project aimed to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility of implementing a photovoltaic system for communal lighting in a social housing complex in Bogotá, D.C. The research emerged as an alternative to reduce dependence on the conventional electrical grid, decrease operating costs associated with energy consumption in common areas, and contribute to strengthening sustainability and energy transition strategies. The study involved a strategic environmental analysis, a market study focused on the social housing sector in Bogotá, project planning, the technical design of the photovoltaic system, and an administrative, economic, and financial evaluation of the proposal. Based on the energy audit of the residential complex, the loads associated with communal lighting were determined, allowing for the sizing of a system comprised of photovoltaic modules, an inverter, a battery bank, electrical protection devices, and high-efficiency LED luminaires, complemented by autonomous solar luminaires for outdoor areas. Subsequently, a financial evaluation was developed by constructing optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, both with and without financing, using indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results showed that the project presents favorable profitability conditions, especially in the optimistic financial scenario, where an NPV of $119,362,825 and an IRR of 56% were obtained. Finally, it is concluded that the implementation of photovoltaic systems for community lighting in social housing complexes is technically, environmentally, and financially viable, constituting a sustainable alternative for energy optimization, reduction of operating costs, and the strengthening of more efficient and environmentally responsible urban development models.