Modelo del sistema de comunicaciones para una microrred eléctrica aislada, basado en una red de sensores inalámbricos, para la transferencia de datos de control

Abstract

Due to the growing concern about energy demand and environmental challenges to provide electricity in rural areas, distributed power generation, has been studied for many years, in order to find methods to integrate different types of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic panels and wind turbines, providing clean electric power and improving the energy management strategies. Microgrids are composed of distributed storage elements, loads and distributed generators DG, integrated, synchronized and managed by a control scheme, especially when it operates independently or “islanded mode”. Depending on the control Scheme chosen for the microgrid, it is necessary to exchange data from generators and loads towards a central node, through a fast and reliable communications system, to perform some management tasks and maintain optimal values of voltage and power, to deliver good quality power to customers. According to the above, a communication system, based on a wireless sensor network, is proposed in this document, to support a centralized master slave control scheme for an islanded microgrid energy management, operating in “islanded mode”, where a central node, contains a decision making algorithm, performing activation and deactivation of distributed generators and loads, depending on some operational aspects like voltage and power references values, user demand, weather conditions, load priority and possibly faults. To manage all the microgrid generation and distribution issues, by exchanging control information from each load or energy source, the wireless sensor network must be supported by a low rate wireless personal area network LR-PAN technology, suited for fast and reliable data transmissions with low energy consumption, such as Zigbee and LoRa. The decision making algorithm and the wireless sensor network model, are implemented in OMNeT++, and then interfacing with a microgrid model developed in Matlab, validating the model and obtained results and conclusions.