Panorama actual de la terapia epigenética como tratamiento alternativo en linfomas no Hodgkin

Abstract

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of malignant neoplasms derived from B cells, T cells, or natural killer (NK) cells, which exhibit distinct clinical, morphological, immunophenotypic, and genetic features. Despite advances in conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, there are persistent challenges in NHL management, including lack of response in some patients, toxicity, and associated resistance. In this context, epigenetic therapy has emerged as a promising new area of research. Epigenetics refers to reversible changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic drugs act by modifying epigenetic marks on DNA and histones, resulting in the regulation of gene expression, inhibition of tumor growth, and loss of cell viability. This monograph aims to explore the existing evidence regarding the use of epigenetic therapy in the treatment of NHL, starting from its basic principles, underlying epigenetic alterations in lymphomagenesis, and the theoretical background of using epigenetic drugs on NHL. To achieve this, a systematic literature review was performed based on a documentary search in medical databases. It is expected that the findings of this review will contribute to current knowledge and promote future research in the field of epigenetic therapy in NHL.