Uso de imágenes en clases de ciencias naturales y sociales: enseñando a través del potencial semiótico visual
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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Los aprendices acceden al currículo escolar interpretando significados construidos a partir de una variedad de recursos semióticos (esquemas, fotos, dibujos, escritura, entre otros), este aprendizaje les permite incorporarse a una visión de mundo, forma de pensar y actuar en el mundo propia de una disciplina. Desde una mirada pedagógica y semiótica la interacción en el aula, se focaliza en el uso de las imágenes en la enseñanza, en relación a su potencial para crear significado y aprender en el aula escolar en clases de Ciencias Naturales y Ciencias Sociales. Este artículo es parte del Fondecyt 1130684 y sistematiza herramientas heurísticas de la Semiótica Social y la Multimodalidad para explorar el potencial semiótico de un conjunto de imágenes estáticas y dinámicas usadas por profesores de Educación Básica y Media en una escuela pública. A partir de un corpus audiovisual y visual de una unidad didáctica completa de Ciencias Naturales y otra de Ciencias Sociales de 3°, 6° básico y 1° medio, se lleva a cabo un Análisis Multimodal del Discurso. Usando los conceptos de metafunción ideacional o representacional y las categorías de la Gramática del Diseño Visual se presentan ejemplos de imágenes en soporte impreso y digital que explicitan los significados curriculares construidos en la mediación que realizan los profesores en el aula. Este análisis puede aportar a los profesores en función de aprovechar las imágenes seleccionadas e incorporadas en la mediación cara a cara o los materiales de enseñanza preparados para los aprendices.
Learners access the school curriculum through meanings created among a variety of semiotic modes (diagrams, photographs, drawings, writing, etc.), this learning enables them to join a worldview as they do in each curricular discipline. From a pedagogical and semiotic gaze to classroom interaction, we focus on the use of images in teaching, in relation to their potential to create meaning in social studies and science lessons. This article is part of Fondecyt 1130684 and systematizes methodological tools from Social Semiotics and multimodality used to explore the semiotic potential of a set images used by teachers of elementary and secondary in a public school. From an audiovisual corpus of lessons of a complete curricular unit, we analyze Social Studies and Science videos from the two subjects in 3rd, 6th grade of elementary and 1st grade of secondary school. Through a Multimodal Discourse Analysis using the concepts of ideational or representational metafunction and the categories of Visual Grammar Design, we show examples of situated images anylisis. The results show how the meaning in the image is modified when teachers use them in face to face interaction. This analysis should help teachers to select and deploy images in terms of improving the learning process and teaching materials they prepare for students.
Learners access the school curriculum through meanings created among a variety of semiotic modes (diagrams, photographs, drawings, writing, etc.), this learning enables them to join a worldview as they do in each curricular discipline. From a pedagogical and semiotic gaze to classroom interaction, we focus on the use of images in teaching, in relation to their potential to create meaning in social studies and science lessons. This article is part of Fondecyt 1130684 and systematizes methodological tools from Social Semiotics and multimodality used to explore the semiotic potential of a set images used by teachers of elementary and secondary in a public school. From an audiovisual corpus of lessons of a complete curricular unit, we analyze Social Studies and Science videos from the two subjects in 3rd, 6th grade of elementary and 1st grade of secondary school. Through a Multimodal Discourse Analysis using the concepts of ideational or representational metafunction and the categories of Visual Grammar Design, we show examples of situated images anylisis. The results show how the meaning in the image is modified when teachers use them in face to face interaction. This analysis should help teachers to select and deploy images in terms of improving the learning process and teaching materials they prepare for students.
Palabras clave
aprendizaje visual, enseñanza multimedia, material audiovisual, material visual, alfabetizador, práctica pedagógica