Diseño de una arquitectura para el monitoreo de los signos vitales en entornos restringidos

Abstract

The low cost and miniaturization of electronic devices has allowed the evolution of embedded systems, which together with the ubiquity of the internet, has led to the rise of the internet of things paradigm. Under this paradigm, everyday objects can be intelligent in such a way that, through their interconnection over the internet, they are able to perceive the environment in which they are and in turn modify it. This has required using various technologies with a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of devices, functionalities and network protocols. Therefore, a reference architecture model is required to homogenize this diversity and define a set of basic components for IoT environments. Several organizations worldwide have been responsible for working on the architecture and protocols that must be taken into account to develop IoT applications in order to have compatibility between devices. However, a standard definition for the Internet architecture of things has not been identified for the construction of this class of systems that describes the basic components that should be included. In this work a reference architecture is proposed for the construction of internet of things solutions whose objective is that software engineers have a structure on which to base themselves and be able to reuse. In particular, a systematic approach is presented to design the reference architecture, integrating the experience of existing IoT platforms, based on an inductive reasoning, analyzing and comparing three IoT platforms to derive the architecture. Then the reference architecture is validated by mapping it into two architectures proposed in the scientific literature. The objective of the reference architecture is to provide a universal basis for the design of concrete IoT architectures. In addition, a reference model was built to identify the parts that make up an IoT solution and which served as the basis for constructing the reference architecture. To validate the model and reference architecture, a prototype based on ZigBee and another based on WIFI and MQTT were built. These prototypes allow demonstrating the validity of the reference architecture to be applied in a wide range of situations.