Gestión de la energía eléctrica domiciliaria con base en la gestión activa de la demanda

Abstract

Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS), are playing an important role in the new energy context, due to the modernization of generation, transmission and distribution systems and final-user facilities, as well as the incorporation of renewable energy sources at home. This contributes favorably in technical, economic, social and environmental aspects to the improvement of the operation conditions for residential users and the electric system, because they allow the monitoring, supervision and control of devices connected at home, which allows to implement real time energy saving programs and self-generation programs as part of Active Demand Management (ADM) strategies. This doctoral thesis addresses the home energy management according to the needs of the residential user and his/her environment, in order to contribute to the integral operation of the electric system with new schemes for energy use and making decisions related with energy consumption and/or generation based on ADM strategies through changes in consumption habits, transforming the user into an active user. A home energy management system prototype named GEDE is proposed, which involves information and communication technologies to take energy measures in the power sources and devices to be managed, and send the information through the power line to a central system. The information is processed for supervision, monitoring and control activities in three ways: manual, semi-automatic and automatic mode, which operate based on decision algorithms. This prototype was designed and implemented taking into account standard communication protocols in the internet of things context. Special attention is given to the analysis of the external social variable focused on changes in consumption habits of the active user, to determine actions involving his/her interactions with the electric system, including an agent named aggregator, who provides the means to propose active demand management strategies, facilitating the interaction between the user and the energy market. For this, a model was implemented using systems dynamics techniques, which includes the typical behavior of users and possible changes in energy consumption habits. This model was applied to the case of users of middle-high socio-economic status of the city of Bogota D.C. In the research process, the elements above were combined, and the results show that the active user participation is an opportunity to contribute with the National Electric System, either as a generator of his/her own energy or through changes in consumption habits, but the national regulatory framework must be adjusted to motivate the participation in these processes.