Estado fallido, nueva guerra y paz como entelequia: consideraciones sobre el conflicto armado, social y político en Somalia
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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Los conflictos actuales, principalmente los ubicados en el continente africano, se caracterizan por tener una fuerte carga cultural en sus raíces causales. Contextos como la globalización, se han encargado de cambiar las dinámicas propias de la guerra, generando una transición de la ideología a la identidad; así pues, el documento se propone realizar un análisis del conflicto somalí sobre la base de lo postulado por autores contemporáneos de la guerra como Mary Kaldor y Samuel Huntington. Se revisan de manera panorámica las dinámicas propias del litigio interétnico, la precariedad institucional derivada de un Estado fallido y la intervención estadunidense en 1992, lo anterior en aras de darle una explicación teórica a las dificultades de construcción de paz en este territorio.
The present conflicts, mainly those located in the African continent, are characterized by having a strong cultural load in their causal roots. Contexts such as globalization have been responsible for changing the dynamics of war, generating a transition from ideology to identity. Thus, this paper proposes to conduct an analysis of the Somali conflict based on what was postulated by some leading contemporary authors of the war such as Mary Kaldor and Samuel Huntington. The dynamics of interethnic litigation, the institutional precariousness derived from a failed State and the US intervention in 1992 are reviewed in a comprehensive way. This is in order to give a theoretical explanation to the difficulties of peace building in this territory.
The present conflicts, mainly those located in the African continent, are characterized by having a strong cultural load in their causal roots. Contexts such as globalization have been responsible for changing the dynamics of war, generating a transition from ideology to identity. Thus, this paper proposes to conduct an analysis of the Somali conflict based on what was postulated by some leading contemporary authors of the war such as Mary Kaldor and Samuel Huntington. The dynamics of interethnic litigation, the institutional precariousness derived from a failed State and the US intervention in 1992 are reviewed in a comprehensive way. This is in order to give a theoretical explanation to the difficulties of peace building in this territory.
Palabras clave
clash of civilizations, cultural conflict, failed state, new wars, Somalia, choque de civilizaciones, conflicto cultural, estado fallido, nuevas guerras, Somalia