Análisis teórico de ciberseguridad y su impacto en la operatividad de subestaciones eléctricas digitales

Abstract

This internship, carried out within the GISPUD Research Group and its SISEI, aimed to analyze the theoretical cybersecurity concepts applicable to digital electrical substations (DES) and their impact on the operation of the electrical system. Through a systematic literature review of academic databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and Academia.edu, the main cybersecurity risks, threats, and vulnerabilities affecting DES were identified, as well as the international strategies and best practices proposed by standards and regulatory frameworks. During the internship, academic tools such as Mendeley were used for bibliographic management and APA citation standardization, and Google Translate was used for the technical translation of English articles. The study revealed that the digitization of the electrical system, driven by the adoption of the IEC 61850 standard, has improved efficiency and interoperability, but has also increased exposure to threats such as Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, GOOSE (Generic Object Oriented Substation Event) message spoofing, and False Data Injection (FDI), all of which can compromise the availability, integrity, and reliability of the electrical system. The results obtained strengthened technical and research skills, contributing theoretical knowledge to the GISPUD group and its research group SISEI, as well as generating useful documentation for future lines of cybersecurity research in the electrical sector. It was concluded that cybersecurity is an essential pillar for ensuring the operational continuity and sustainability of substations in the face of the technological challenges of the 21st century