Evaluación del densificado de la madera de Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. en su densidad y módulo de elasticidad
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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El objetivo de la investigación fue densificar madera de G. americanus y evaluar el efecto del tratamiento en la densidad y en el módulo de elasticidad. Inicialmente, la madera se hidrató en agua, durante 72 h y con temperatura de 20 °C. Posteriormente, las probetas se suavizaron durante 4 h en agua caliente con temperatura de 93,5 °C. A continuación, se prensaron las probetas con un dispositivo fabricado especialmente para la investigación. La estrategia de investigación consistió en determinar la densidad y realizar pruebas de flexión estática antes y después del tratamiento. Los coeficientes de compresión y de densificado fueron evaluados después del tratamiento. Se prepararon 32 probetas normalizadas y se realizaron pruebas de flexión estática antes y después del densificado. Para los resultados antes y después del densificado se realizaron pruebas de diferencias de medias para muestras independientes. Se calcularon las regresiones entre los valores del módulo de elasticidad como variable dependiente en función de la variable independiente densidad. El coeficiente de compresión fue de 56,3% y el coeficiente de densificado fue de 50,3%. Después del tratamiento la densidad de G. americanus aumentó 102% y su módulo de elasticidad se incrementó en 113%. Los índices de densificado, elástico y de calidad confirmaron que el tratamiento de densificado higro-termo-mecánico produjo buenos resultados para madera de baja densidad.
The densified of wood is a mechanism of deformation that occurs during the manufacture of composite products. This technology aims at the dimensional stabilization of wood and increases its mechanical properties. The objective of the research was to densify Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. wood and to evaluate the effect of the treatment on density and modulus of elasticity. Initially, the wood was hydrated in water for 72 h and at a temperature of 20 °C. Subsequently, the specimens were softened for 4 h in hot water at a temperature of 93.5 °C. The specimens were then pressed with a device made especially for the investigation. The research strategy was to determine density and perform static flexion tests before and after treatment. The compression and densification coefficients were evaluated after treatment. Thirty-two standardized specimens were prepared and static flexural tests were performed before and after densification. For the before and after densified results tests of mean differences for independent samples were performed. The regressions between the values of the modulus of elasticity as a dependent variable were calculated as a function of the independent variable density. The compression coefficient was 56.3% and the densification coefficient was 50.3%. After treatment, the density of G. americanus increased 102% and its modulus of elasticity increased by 113%. The densified, elastic and quality indices confirmed that the densified hygrothermo- mechanical treatment produced good results for low-density wood.
The densified of wood is a mechanism of deformation that occurs during the manufacture of composite products. This technology aims at the dimensional stabilization of wood and increases its mechanical properties. The objective of the research was to densify Gyrocarpus americanus Jacq. wood and to evaluate the effect of the treatment on density and modulus of elasticity. Initially, the wood was hydrated in water for 72 h and at a temperature of 20 °C. Subsequently, the specimens were softened for 4 h in hot water at a temperature of 93.5 °C. The specimens were then pressed with a device made especially for the investigation. The research strategy was to determine density and perform static flexion tests before and after treatment. The compression and densification coefficients were evaluated after treatment. Thirty-two standardized specimens were prepared and static flexural tests were performed before and after densification. For the before and after densified results tests of mean differences for independent samples were performed. The regressions between the values of the modulus of elasticity as a dependent variable were calculated as a function of the independent variable density. The compression coefficient was 56.3% and the densification coefficient was 50.3%. After treatment, the density of G. americanus increased 102% and its modulus of elasticity increased by 113%. The densified, elastic and quality indices confirmed that the densified hygrothermo- mechanical treatment produced good results for low-density wood.
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wood density, quality index, densification index, elastic index, modulus of elasticity, densidad de la madera, índice de calidad, índice de densificado, índice elástico, módulo de elasticidad