Desempeño ambiental de recintos habitacionales. Comparación de simulaciones, monitorización y percepción de residentes en seis viviendas de Concepción, Chile
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. Colombia
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Los estudios y proyectos habitacionales consideran las viviendas de manera unitaria, sin diferenciar las condiciones ambientales por recintos, aunque en la vivencia cotidiana se reconocen variaciones. Este artículo realiza una comparación entre los datos proporcionados por simulaciones computacionales de desempeño térmico y monitoreos físicos de recintos, que registran valores existentes, y percepciones de sus habitantes en torno a su ambiente residencial en seis viviendas de Concepción, Chile. Con el fin de caracterizar las diferencias ambientales que surgen en los hogares, como también las originadas en los distintos recintos, en lo que es la construcción de la confortabilidad. Las simulaciones expresan algunas diferencias relevantes entre recintos (demandas energéticas anuales de 12 kW h/m2 hasta 330 kW h/m2), mientras las mediciones físicas revelan valores más acotados (diferencias entre temperaturas ambientales de menos de 5°C). Las entrevistas y observación de residentes sugieren apreciaciones similares, pero a la vez aportan otros aspectos (como una mayor valoración de los niveles superiores y habitaciones con mayor luminosidad). Los resultados y conclusiones emanados del estudio aportan datos que pueden resultar de interés comparativo para la planificación y diseño habitacional en la zona, pero también un análisis que integra las distintas dimensiones trabajadas del confort residencial y sus variaciones entre los recintos habitacionales, lo que resulta incidente para el ámbito de las políticas y acciones de mejoramiento ambiental de las viviendas, destinadas a aumentar la calidad residencial.
The housing studies and design regards homes like one indoor environment, without recognizing differences between rooms, although in the daily living it perceives variations. This article presents a comparison between data from computer simulations of thermal performance and physical monitoring that records existing values of rooms, with perceptions of its inhabitants around their residential environment, from six houses located in Concepción, Chile. In order to characterize environmental differences that arise in homes, as well as those originated in different rooms, which represents comfort building. Simulations express some significant differences by venues (anual energy demands from 12 kWh/m2 to 330 kWh/m2), while physical measurements reveal more limited values (differences between environmental temperatures less than 5°C). Interviews and observation of residents suggest nearby considerations, but also provide other aspects (like higher value of upper story and rooms with high luminance). The outcomes and conclusions of the study provide data that can be of comparative interest for housing planning and design, but also an analysis that integrates the diverse studied dimensions, which is incident to environmental policies and actions improving housing, targeted to increase the residential quality.
The housing studies and design regards homes like one indoor environment, without recognizing differences between rooms, although in the daily living it perceives variations. This article presents a comparison between data from computer simulations of thermal performance and physical monitoring that records existing values of rooms, with perceptions of its inhabitants around their residential environment, from six houses located in Concepción, Chile. In order to characterize environmental differences that arise in homes, as well as those originated in different rooms, which represents comfort building. Simulations express some significant differences by venues (anual energy demands from 12 kWh/m2 to 330 kWh/m2), while physical measurements reveal more limited values (differences between environmental temperatures less than 5°C). Interviews and observation of residents suggest nearby considerations, but also provide other aspects (like higher value of upper story and rooms with high luminance). The outcomes and conclusions of the study provide data that can be of comparative interest for housing planning and design, but also an analysis that integrates the diverse studied dimensions, which is incident to environmental policies and actions improving housing, targeted to increase the residential quality.
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Chile, comfort, energy simulation, environment, housing, indoor, Ambiente interior, Chile, confortabilidad ambiental, vivienda