Validación y análisis del uso del método de redes neuronales artificiales para la estimación del valor de terrenos rurales en el municipio de El Colegio - Cundinamarca

Abstract

There is a methodology for conducting the study of homogeneous physical and geoeconomic zones, established by the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute (IGAC) in 2017. In the final part of the document, after explaining in detail the process for the generation of homogeneous physical zones, guidelines will be provided with the objective of determining the geoeconomic zones. The performance of such process takes into account what is determined in Law 14 of 1983, specifically in Article 4, where it is established that independent partial appraisals must be prepared in each zone obtained. This procedure requires field work, the collaboration of people knowledgeable of the study area and the real estate market; thus, for the realization of each appraisal, it is necessary to apply any of the methods set forth in Resolution 620 of 2008. It should be noted that such traditional and effective methods have been in force for more than 50 years in Colombia and internationally. The implementation of the multipurpose cadastre in the country, in collaboration with the programming revolution and artificial intelligence methodologies, has allowed the incorporation of new valuation methodologies, as established in Decree 148 of 2020. This does not imply that the four traditional methods are obsolete; on the contrary, what is sought with the new technologies is that they execute the process faster; this will minimize costs, eliminate biases that interfere in the valuation activity and provide a sufficiently reliable level of confidence, as has happened with traditional methods. In this work we propose to carry out the variation of an artificial neural network (artificial intelligence method) for the determination of cadastral appraisals of the municipality of El Colegio, Cundinamarca, based on available cartographic and alphanumeric cadastral information of the municipality; that is, we will have the base inputs, in the case of applying the traditional methodology, and we will verify its adjustment with respect to the appraisals already available for the municipality.