Estudio de métodos y tiempos en la producción de clavel estándar para estandarización de procesos y diseño de programa de asignación de mano de obra en Cultivos La Planicie S.A.S.

Abstract

The internship project developed at Cultivos La Planicie, a company dedicated to the production and export of standard carnations and mini carnations, is based on the design of the aggregate labor planning program for each variety of carnation planted and covering all stages of the phenology of the plant as well as all the processes that make up this product. The project was presented in five phases. In the first phase, the characterization of the processes is carried out by means of analytical flowcharts, route, and bimanual diagrams, as well as the recognition of the varieties, the phenological stages of the plant, and the elements of non-conformity of the final product. In the second phase, improvement proposals are made both in operations and in frequency for each process, emphasizing the reduction of movements, the quality of the final product, and the well-being of the collaborator in order to reduce costs, improve productivity, and achieve the desired level of quality of the final product. In the third phase, the planning and time taken for each of the processes were carried out, setting the normal conditions and rhythms as well as the sample distribution taking into account the representativeness of the varieties in the company's demand. Additionally, an analysis of the constant and variable supplements required by each task at each phenological stage is carried out. In the fourth phase, the analysis of the times was carried out using non-parametric statistics in order to first specify the groups of varieties that, due to special characteristics in their phenotype, require a longer execution time in certain tasks, and second, to statistically validate the data through tests of independence, homogeneity, and goodness of fit and, third, perform the standardization of the execution times according to the needs of the phenological stage and the variety. In the fifth phase, the inclination is carried out based on the production curves, the growth curves, and the production model of each variety. Establishing from the available capacity the number of people per hectare that is needed for each variety in each phenological stage. This is in order to establish a variable program based on the company's forecasts.