Estudio Teórico de la Influencia del Uso de Mezclas de Biodiesel de Aceite de Palma con JET a-1 en Motores a Reacción
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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Contexto: al igual que en muchas otras, en la actualidad, la industria aeronáutica se ha visto obligada a implementar métodos para mitigar el daño producido al medio ambiente por la emisión de gases contaminantes, y de esta manera hacerle frente a la problemática del calentamiento global. En este panorama, la investigación sobre la utilización de combustibles alternativos es de suma relevancia, en particular el estudio del rendimiento de motores al usar mezclas de Biodiesel Colombiano a base de aceite de palma con Jet A1. Método: como punto de partida, se realiza una revisión al estado del arte para la selección del motor a estudiar y los combustibles alternativos a utilizar. Paralelamente, se seleccionó el biodiesel colombiano a base de aceite de palma, ya que ha demostrado tener un buen comportamiento como combustible al ser mezclado en porcentajes de 10% ,20% y 50%. A cada una de las mezclas realizadas se les hicieron pruebas en laboratorio para conocer su valor de viscosidad, densidad y poder calorífico. Para la realización de los análisis, se desarrolló un programa sobre una hoja de cálculo que contemplaPropiedades físicas de las mezclas y parámetros del motor, así como emisiones de óxidos nitrosos (NOx), atomización y combustión producida por el uso de las mezclas. Los resultados se contrastaron contra el software de simulación Gas turbine.Resultados: se escogió el CFM 56-5B como motor apropiado para realizar el estudio, debido a que en la actualidad es el más empleado en la industria aeronáutica colombiana. Por otra parte, ninguna de las mezclas de combustible alternativo genera el mismo rendimiento del motor al emplear Jet A1. Las mezclas E10 y E20 tienen un comportamiento similar, con la novedad de generar menor cantidad de emisiones de NOx y mejorar la atomización del combustible.Conclusiones: al comparar el rendimiento del motor al usar combustible convencional y al emplear las mezclas de Biodiesel, se observa una disminución del empuje conforme aumenta el porcentaje de Biodiesel en la mezcla. Debido a que las mezclas de combustible alternativo tienen un menor poder calorífico el consumo de combustible en estos casos es siempre mayor. Sin embargo, al comparar los niveles de NOx producidos se aprecia una disminución de este contaminante al usar las mezclas de Biodiesel. Cabe la pena resaltar que es de gran interés para trabajos futuros evaluar otras emisiones contaminantes y a su vez el comportamiento de otros tipos de Biodiesel en motores a reacción.
Context: like many others, today the aeronautical industry has been forced to implement methods to mitigate the damage produced to the environment due to the emission of polluting gases and in doing so, confront the problem of global warming. In this context, research on the use of alternative fuels is of paramount importance, in particular the study of engine performance when using blends of Colombian Biodiesel based on palm oil with Jet A1.Method: as a starting point, we made a review of the state of the art so as to select which engine to study and then the alternative fuels to be used. Simultaneously, Colombian biodiesel based on palm oil was selected, as it has been shown to be a fuel with good performance when it is blended in percentages of 10%, 20% and 50%. Each of the blends were tested in the laboratory to obtain their viscosity, density and calorific values. A spreadsheet program was developed to conduct the analysis, which contemplated the physical properties of mixtures and engine parameters, as well as emissions of nitrous oxides (NOx), atomization and combustion produced by the use of mixtures. The results were compared against those of the Gasturbine simulation softwareResults: CFM 56-5B was chosen as the appropriate engine for the study, because it is currently the most used in the Colombian aeronautical industry. On the other hand, none of the alternative fuel blends generates the same engine performance when using Jet A1. The blends E10 and E20 have a similar behavior, with the novelty of generating less amount of NOx emissions and improving the atomization of the fuel.Conclusions: When the engine’s performance with conventional fuel is comparing with Biodiesel mixtures, a decrease of the thrust is produced as the percentage of Biodiesel in the mixture increases. Because the mixtures of alternative fuel have a lower calorific value fuel consumption in these cases is always greater. However, when comparing the NOx levels produced, a decrease of this pollutant is observed when using Biodiesel blends. It is worth noting that it is of great interest for future work to evaluate other pollutant emissions and, in turn, the behavior of other types of Biodiesel in jet engines.Language: Spanish.
Context: like many others, today the aeronautical industry has been forced to implement methods to mitigate the damage produced to the environment due to the emission of polluting gases and in doing so, confront the problem of global warming. In this context, research on the use of alternative fuels is of paramount importance, in particular the study of engine performance when using blends of Colombian Biodiesel based on palm oil with Jet A1.Method: as a starting point, we made a review of the state of the art so as to select which engine to study and then the alternative fuels to be used. Simultaneously, Colombian biodiesel based on palm oil was selected, as it has been shown to be a fuel with good performance when it is blended in percentages of 10%, 20% and 50%. Each of the blends were tested in the laboratory to obtain their viscosity, density and calorific values. A spreadsheet program was developed to conduct the analysis, which contemplated the physical properties of mixtures and engine parameters, as well as emissions of nitrous oxides (NOx), atomization and combustion produced by the use of mixtures. The results were compared against those of the Gasturbine simulation softwareResults: CFM 56-5B was chosen as the appropriate engine for the study, because it is currently the most used in the Colombian aeronautical industry. On the other hand, none of the alternative fuel blends generates the same engine performance when using Jet A1. The blends E10 and E20 have a similar behavior, with the novelty of generating less amount of NOx emissions and improving the atomization of the fuel.Conclusions: When the engine’s performance with conventional fuel is comparing with Biodiesel mixtures, a decrease of the thrust is produced as the percentage of Biodiesel in the mixture increases. Because the mixtures of alternative fuel have a lower calorific value fuel consumption in these cases is always greater. However, when comparing the NOx levels produced, a decrease of this pollutant is observed when using Biodiesel blends. It is worth noting that it is of great interest for future work to evaluate other pollutant emissions and, in turn, the behavior of other types of Biodiesel in jet engines.Language: Spanish.
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engine, pollutant emissions, performance, alternative fuel., Combustible alternativo, motor a reacción, contaminantes, prestaciones