Propuesta metodológica para la identificación de minería a pequeña escala bajo la cobertura vegetal, usando sensores LiDAR en RPAS

Abstract

The project initially addresses an analysis of the international and national market of the mining detection process, this analysis reveals that the technology to be used in the methodology is currently in the introduction stage within its life cycle, subsequently, it was proceeded to carry out a detailed study of the companies in the sector that have the technology and that represent the competition within the market, for this purpose, ten variables directly related to the scope of the technology available to these companies were evaluated. A risk analysis was carried out that evaluates the impacts and the probability of occurrence, on the other hand, a regulatory framework for the quality policy was established by establishing the corresponding indicators, then the methodology was formulated, where the necessary technical criteria are defined. to obtain digital terrain models with spatial resolutions of 5 to 10 cm and accuracies of 2 cm through the use of Lidar Sensors on Unmanned Aircraft (RPAS). It was necessary to determine the necessary equipment to arrive with the necessary information in the workflow of Dr. Qiusheng Wu's Depression detection algorithm. This process gives rise to the development of the methodology, which includes the general phases of Planning, Acquisition, Processing and Publication, based on the formulated workflow, the required professional profiles were defined and the corresponding returns were calculated for each activity according to the stages of the methodology. It was necessary to detail the regulatory requirements, including flight licenses and the standards to be met. In order to carry out the validation process of the methodology, a case study was developed, which consisted of the identification of a mine located in the eastern hills of Bogotá, this product includes a plan plan and the profiles that represent the characterization of the mine. Through an environmental impact matrix using the Conesa method, the environmental, social and technological impacts were analyzed, then, in the engineering chapter of the project, a comparative analysis of the current mining detection methodologies was carried out, based on the variables established in the market analysis. In the final phase of the project, a financial analysis was carried out, with which a series of assumptions were established and an opportunity rate of 15% was sought. The approximate investment required amounted to $448,445,810, of which 100% of the project is required to be financed using second-tier banking with an interest rate of 9.14%, being the best option by allowing financial leverage and achieving a Internal Return (IRR) of 32.3% and a Net Present Value (NPV) of $47,482,036.87, this means that it is the most profitable option compared to the alternative of financing 50% or not having financing, which gave As a result, an IRR of 13% and a NPV of -$27,330,545.88. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out taking into account a possible increase in the representative market rate to $5000 and an inflation of 5% for the year 2024, which increases the financing interest rate to 14.14%. In this scenario, the investment rises to $562,065,850.00, and all options present a negative NPV, therefore, an opportunity rate of 5% is proposed, under which the best option would be not to finance the project and use the the company's own resources, generating a NPV of $38,453,596.49 and an IRR of 6.9%.