Estudio de la Tecnología Groove Gap Waveguide para aplicaciones en el diseño de antenas en la Banda X
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The unstoppable advance of telecommunications and the growing need to use new bands for the transmission of millimeter wavelength signals, it is imperative to intensify research on new waveguiding technologies. In the present degree work, an antenna in “Groove Gap Waveguide” technology is proposed; for telecommunications applications in the X band. To achieve this purpose, use is made of specialized electromagnetic analysis software, starting with the study of the behavior of conventional structures such as rectangular waveguide antennas and slot antennas, this with in order to establish reference criteria that allow comparing the results obtained with the two technologies in parameters associated with impedance bandwidths and diagram. Once the limitations of conventional technologies have been detected, specifically in what refers to their reduced impedance bandwidth; Different strategies are explored in order to increase the value of said parameter, such as: the use of different exciter geometries and the design of new radiating groove geometries. Subsequently, a transition is made to the “Groove Gap Waveguide” technology in order to design antennas whose impedance bandwidth values are higher than 3%. To do this, the behavior of this technology in relation to the geometries of the grooves is initially analyzed. and of the exciters and additional techniques are studied such as the position of the exciter with respect to the walls of the guide and the stacking of radiating elements, which make it possible to take advantage of relevant behaviors present in the structures studied in the two technologies. Finally, an efficient antenna in “Groove Gap Waveguide” technology is obtained; whose impedance bandwidth is 7.12%, surpassing the results of structures in conventional technologies, without impairing other parameters such as adaptation, radiation pattern and absolute gain respectively.