Hacia un Marco Conceptual Común sobre Trazabilidad en la Cadena de Suministro de Alimentos
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Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas
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Contexto: La ausencia de un marco conceptual común sobre trazabilidad en la cadena de suministro de alimentos (CSA), impide su desarrollo de manera unificada. Dicha ausencia ha generado confusión y no ha permitido evidenciar las ventajas sociales y empresariales de implementarla; además, no contar con un marco común en países como Colombia, impide el desarrollo adecuado de políticas públicas.Método: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en cuatro etapas: protocolo de búsqueda para consultar artículos de las bases Scopus, Science Direct, ISI Web; revisión y selección de artículos relevantes, extracción de datos en tablas y formatos diseñados para dicho fin y elaboración del marco conceptual.Resultados: Se propone un marco conceptual común que abarca los siguientes aspectos, definición de trazabilidad, características y propiedades, esquemas, unidad de recurso trazable, motivadores y sistemas de captura; para el diseño e implementación de un sistema de trazabilidad en la CSA. Se evalúa la legislación internacional y nacional y se establecen elementos para su implementación. Se ejemplifica el marco conceptual propuesto para la cadena de suministro cárnica que permitiría orientar la implementación de sistemas de trazabilidad en CSA en Colombia.Conclusiones: El marco conceptual para la trazabilidad de CSA puede ser una guía para la implementación y desarrollo en las cadenas alimentarias en el contexto colombiano. Una implementación en cadenas agropecuarias permitirá la diferenciación de origen, lo que puede ser un factor competitivo para aquellos productores que realicen buenas prácticas agrícolas, así como capacidades logísticas efectivas por los demás agentes de la CSA, el efecto de su implementación debe evaluarse en especial en la incidencia sobre posicionamiento de marca y el establecimiento de precios justos, como efecto del rastreo y seguimiento del sistema de trazabilidad.Idioma: Español
AbstractBackground: The absence of a common conceptual framework on traceability in the food supply chain (SCF), prevents a cohesive development of this concept. The absence has generated confusion and has made it impossible to demonstrate the social and commercial advantages of its implementation. In addition, not having a common framework in countries such as Colombia obstructs the development of public policies.Method: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in four stages: search protocol to consult articles in the databases Scopus, Science Direct and ISI Web; review and selection of relevant articles; extraction and incorporation of data into tables and formats designed for this purpose and elaboration of the conceptual framework.Results: A common conceptual framework is proposed for the design and implementation of a traceability system in the SCF covering the following aspects: definition of traceability, characteristics and properties, schemes, traceable resource unit, motivators and recording systems. The international and national legislation is evaluated and aspects for its incorporation are established. The proposed conceptual framework is exemplified by the meat supply chain to guide the implementation of traceability systems in CSA in Colombia. Conclusions: The conceptual framework for SCF traceability can be a guide for the implementation and development of food chains in the Colombian context. Implementing this in agricultural chains would allow the differentiation of origin, which can be a competitive factor for producers with good agricultural practices, as well as provide effective logistic capacities for all agents of the SCF. The effect of its implementation should be evaluated with special emphasis on the impact on brand positioning and the establishment of fair prices as an effect of tracking and tracing the traceability system.Language: Spanish.
AbstractBackground: The absence of a common conceptual framework on traceability in the food supply chain (SCF), prevents a cohesive development of this concept. The absence has generated confusion and has made it impossible to demonstrate the social and commercial advantages of its implementation. In addition, not having a common framework in countries such as Colombia obstructs the development of public policies.Method: A systematic review of the literature was carried out in four stages: search protocol to consult articles in the databases Scopus, Science Direct and ISI Web; review and selection of relevant articles; extraction and incorporation of data into tables and formats designed for this purpose and elaboration of the conceptual framework.Results: A common conceptual framework is proposed for the design and implementation of a traceability system in the SCF covering the following aspects: definition of traceability, characteristics and properties, schemes, traceable resource unit, motivators and recording systems. The international and national legislation is evaluated and aspects for its incorporation are established. The proposed conceptual framework is exemplified by the meat supply chain to guide the implementation of traceability systems in CSA in Colombia. Conclusions: The conceptual framework for SCF traceability can be a guide for the implementation and development of food chains in the Colombian context. Implementing this in agricultural chains would allow the differentiation of origin, which can be a competitive factor for producers with good agricultural practices, as well as provide effective logistic capacities for all agents of the SCF. The effect of its implementation should be evaluated with special emphasis on the impact on brand positioning and the establishment of fair prices as an effect of tracking and tracing the traceability system.Language: Spanish.
Palabras clave
Traceability System, Food Safety, Meat, Legislation, Sistema de Trazabilidad, Seguridad Alimentaria, cárnicos, Legislación.